基于能量密度法预测微动疲劳寿命

通过接触界面的应力应变场和临界平面法计算了能量密度损伤参数,结合疲劳试验得到了能量密度损伤参数-寿命关系曲线中的材料常数,建立了LZ50钢微动疲劳寿命的预测公式。根据裂纹萌生寿命预测效果,将Chen损伤值作为裂纹萌生控制参数。分析了摩擦因数、微动桥半径、循环载荷和微动桥压力对LZ50车轴钢的Chen损伤值的影响,以及CRH2型动车组空心车轴裂纹萌生的位置及寿命。     

圆弧端齿结构微动疲劳试验加载装置的设计及实现

针对圆弧端齿结构三维微动疲劳试验难度大、成本高等问题,提出了一种二维等效加载方案,设计并实现了微动疲劳试验加载装置,建立了二维结构微动疲劳试验模型。对典型圆弧端齿结构的二维等效试件进行了微动疲劳试验,发现疲劳裂纹萌生于接触面的接触边缘,接触面出现大量微动磨屑,为典型的微动疲劳失效形式。试验结果表明,该微动疲劳试验加载装置可满足端齿结构微动疲劳试验要求,为微动损伤机理分析和微动疲劳寿命预测提供了试验数据支持。     

脲基脂润滑下的钢材料微动磨损研究

采用微动摩擦磨损试验机进行了脲基脂润滑下的GCr15 钢/45号钢摩擦副摩擦磨损试验。利用激光三维共焦显微镜、EDX元素分析等方法研究了脲基脂润滑减缓钢微动磨损的机理。结果表明：在微动滑移区脂润滑下摩擦系数和磨损远低于干态下的值,且磨损主要发生在微动的早期阶段。在微运初期,脂因微动被排出接触区,高摩擦力导致白层和磨坑的形成;接触区周围的脂剪切分离的油浸入到磨坑中,形成混合润滑状态,摩擦系数降低到较低的稳态值;接触区周围的脂和磨痕上油的存在阻止了空气进入,氧化磨损得以降低。低稳态摩擦力、高硬度白层的存在和低氧化磨损是脂润滑减缓微动磨损的主要因素。     

钢表面多元共渗改性层的微动磨损行为研究

利用低温气体多元共渗技术将碳、氮、硫、氧元素同时渗入LZ50钢表面形成改性层.在对改性层进行表征的基础上,研究了改性层及LZ50钢基体在干态不同位移幅值下的微动磨损行为及其动力学特性,并采用扫描电子显徼镜和轮廓仪对磨痕形貌进行了分析.结果表明:制备的多元共渗改性层厚度约60 μm,基本由疏松层,化合物层和扩散层组成,化合物层硬度最高,为典型的高硬度多孔结构;改性层改变了LZ50钢的微动运行区域,使得混合区的范围缩小,滑移区向小位移方向移动;由于疏松层的固体润滑作用,与基体LZ50钢相比,在微动初期摩擦因数较低;多元共渗改性层可以显著降低LZ50钢的磨损,在部分滑移区损伤轻微,在混合区和滑移区,改性层的损伤主要表现为剥层和磨粒磨损.     

高速列车轮轴微动疲劳影响因素概述

对影响微动疲劳的各种因素进行了概括总结,特别是对高速列车轮轴微动疲劳有重大影响的位移幅度﹑接触压力﹑频率﹑环境和表面处理状况等因素进行了详细的讨论.归纳了微动疲劳寿命随各影响因素变化的规律,指出了各因素作用机理的主要研究进展,在此基础上,对高速列车轮轴微动疲劳的研究前景进行了展望.     

自冲铆接中微动的研究概况

介绍了自冲铆接技术及自冲铆接,微动的破坏机制,在受到循环载荷的作用下,自冲铆接连接表面易产生微动磨损。可从结构、增加材料接触表面强度、降低摩擦系数和材料匹配等方面提高铆接材料的抗微动损伤能力,降低微动损伤。     

微弧氧化处理TC4表面微动磨损性能研究

利用微弧氧化技术在TC4钛合金表面制备高硬度陶瓷涂层,研究其表面抗微动磨损性能。结果显示陶瓷涂层主晶相为Al2TiO5相,硬度不均匀,由结合层向表面呈现先增高后降低的趋势,最高硬度达1150 HV0.05,远高于钛合金基体的硬度。微动磨损试验结果表明,陶瓷层的致密层起到主要防护作用。磨损初期阶段,疏松层脱落、细化、堆积同时伴随摩擦副较为严重的磨损;稳定阶段为滑动磨损,致密层磨损轻微,摩擦副磨损严重,钛合金磨屑由摩擦副向致密层转移。     

Effect of nitrogen ion implantation dose on torsional fretting wear behavior of titanium and its alloy

Various doses of nitrogen ions were implanted into the surface of pure titanium, Ti6Al7Nb and Ti6Al4V, by plasma immersion ion implantation. Torsional fretting wear tests involving flat specimens of no-treated and treated titanium, as well as its alloys, against a ZrO₂ ball contact were performed on a torsional fretting wear test rig using a simulated physiological medium of serum solution. The treated surfaces were characterized, and the effect of implantation dose on torsional fretting behavior was discussed in detail. The results showed that the torsional fretting running and damage behavior of titanium and its alloys were strongly dependent on the dose of the implanted nitrogen ions and the angular displacement amplitude. The torsional fretting running boundary moved to smaller angular displacement amplitude, and the central light damage zone decreased, as the ion dose increased. The wear mechanisms of titanium and its alloys were oxidative wear, abrasive wear and delamination, with abrasive wear as the most common mechanism of the ion implantation layers.     

涡轮铆钉头脱落原因分析

涡轮冷却器返厂检查时发现,涡轮上的1个铆钉头已经断裂、脱落;经荧光无损探伤检查发现其他一些铆钉在铆钉头与铆钉杆相接的转角R处仍存有裂纹。本研究通过对断口、硬度、化学成分、金相组织等理化检测手段,并结合涡轮结构和使用工况,对涡轮铆钉头脱落原因进行分析。结果表明:铆钉的断裂性质属于微动疲劳;涡轮结构明显存在被铆接件较薄、且硬度远高于铆钉的设计缺陷;铆钉头脱落的主要原因可能与涡轮结构设计不合理及选材不当有关。采用优化涡轮结构、选取抗疲劳强度更佳的铆钉等措施可以预防类似故障再次发生。     

Measurement Techniques of Torsional Vibration in Rotating Shafts

The measurement of torsional vibration is a common practice in certain fields, such as the automotive industry, power generation, or large alternative engines. Similarly, functional analysis and diagnostic of other equipment, which are not traditionally measured, can benefit greatly from this type of measurement. This review discusses some techniques used in industry to measure torsional vibration, briefly describing the types of sensors used and the transduction procedures. Choosing the most appropriate technique in each case not only responds to economic reasons, but also to other conditions of the given equipment, such as its design, coupled machines or devices, functional status and operating environment, and the possibilities to install the instrumentation.